论文标题
在密集介质中的非常巨大的恒星中极有活力的超新星
An extremely energetic supernova from a very massive star in a dense medium
论文作者
论文摘要
超新星与偶细培养基（CSM）的相互作用可以通过将动能转换为热能来大大提高发射光度。在IIN型的“超弱”超新星（SLSNE）中 - 以频谱中的窄氢系命名 - 综合发射可以达到$ \ sim 10^{51} $ ERG，可以通过热能传统SN的大部分动能来实现。活跃星系中心的一些瞬态显示出相似的光谱，甚至更大的能量，但很难与超质量黑洞的积聚区分开。在这里，我们提出了一个新事件，SN2016AP，偏离了低质量星系的中心，它辐射出$ \ gtrsim 5 \ times 10^{51} $ erg，需要进行超级能量的超新星爆炸。我们发现总质量可能超过50-100 m $ _ \ odot $，带有能源$ \ gtrsim 10^{52} $ erg，与一些配对超级novae（Pisne）或脉冲pisne或脉冲pisne的模型 - 理论上预测的热量$ $ $ $ $ $。与爆炸机制无关，该事件证明了非常有力的恒星爆炸的存在，可在非常高的红移下检测到，并深入了解最大恒星中密集的CSM形成。
The interaction of a supernova with a circumstellar medium (CSM) can dramatically increase the emitted luminosity by converting kinetic energy to thermal energy. In 'superluminous' supernovae (SLSNe) of Type IIn -- named for narrow hydrogen lines in their spectra -- the integrated emission can reach $\sim 10^{51}$ erg, attainable by thermalising most of the kinetic energy of a conventional SN. A few transients in the centres of active galaxies have shown similar spectra and even larger energies, but are difficult to distinguish from accretion onto the supermassive black hole. Here we present a new event, SN2016aps, offset from the centre of a low-mass galaxy, that radiated $\gtrsim 5 \times 10^{51}$ erg, necessitating a hyper-energetic supernova explosion. We find a total (SN ejecta $+$ CSM) mass likely exceeding 50-100 M$_\odot$, with energy $\gtrsim 10^{52}$ erg, consistent with some models of pair-instability supernovae (PISNe) or pulsational PISNe -- theoretically-predicted thermonuclear explosions from helium cores $>50$ M$_\odot$. Independent of the explosion mechanism, this event demonstrates the existence of extremely energetic stellar explosions, detectable at very high redshifts, and provides insight into dense CSM formation in the most massive stars.
