论文标题
二维电子系统中的广义自旋轨道相互作用
Generalized spin-orbit interaction in two-dimensional electron systems
论文作者
论文摘要
在将电子和正电子描述为旋转场的基本激发的狄拉克量子场理论的框架中，使用外部电位的存在，使用纺纱球场的汉密尔顿操作员中的非相互近似值获得了旋转轨道相互作用的普遍操作员。该操作员除了已知的术语外还包含一个新术语。以量子井形式的模型电势的示例，证明具有广义自旋轨道相互作用算子的Schroedinger方程描述了直接从DIRAC方程获得的所有旋转状态。分析了自旋轨道相互作用对量子孔中定位的电子的准二维系统中自旋态的依赖性。证明量子井层中的电流诱导层边界表面附近电荷载体的自旋极化，而电荷载体的极化在不同的表面相反。这种现象是由于自旋轨道相互作用而被称为自旋霍尔效应，在具有相应几何形状的异质结构中观察到了自旋大厅效应。
In frame of Dirac quantum field theory that describes electrons and positrons as elementary excitations of the spinor field, the generalized operator of the spin-orbit interaction is obtained using non-relativistic approximation in the Hamilton operator of the spinor field taking into account the presence of an external potential. This operator is shown to contain a new term in addition to the known ones. By an example of a model potential in the form of a quantum well, it is demonstrated that the Schroedinger equation with the generalized spin-orbit interaction operator describes all spin states obtained directly from the Dirac equation. The dependence of the spin-orbit interaction on the spin states in quasi-two-dimensional systems of electrons localized in a quantum well is analyzed. It is demonstrated that the electric current in the quantum well layer induces the spin polarization of charge carriers near the boundary surfaces of the layer, with the polarization of the charge carriers being opposite at the different surfaces. This phenomenon appears due to the spin-orbit interaction and is known as the spin Hall effect, which was observed experimentally in heterostructures with the corresponding geometry.
