论文标题
通过习惯力：在动态实用景观中自我诱捕
By Force of Habit: Self-Trapping in a Dynamical Utility Landscape
论文作者
论文摘要
从历史上看，理性选择理论一直集中在效用最大化原则上，以描述个人如何做出选择。实际上，与探索可用选择的宇宙有关的计算成本通常不清楚我们是否真正最大化了基础实用功能。特别是，记忆效应和习惯形成可能会占主导地位，而不是效用最大化。我们提出了一个具有与历史依赖的效用函数的风格化模型，在过去做出选择时，与每个选择相关的实用程序会增加，并具有一定的衰减内存内核。我们表明，自我强化效应会导致代理人被纯粹的习惯所选择的选择。我们讨论了自由探索选择空间和自我捕获之间过渡的特殊性质。我们发现，捕获时间分布完全是过渡时期的ZIPF定律，并且自被困期表现出超级老师的行为。
Historically, rational choice theory has focused on the utility maximization principle to describe how individuals make choices. In reality, there is a computational cost related to exploring the universe of available choices and it is often not clear whether we are truly maximizing an underlying utility function. In particular, memory effects and habit formation may dominate over utility maximisation. We propose a stylized model with a history-dependent utility function where the utility associated to each choice is increased when that choice has been made in the past, with a certain decaying memory kernel. We show that self-reinforcing effects can cause the agent to get stuck with a choice by sheer force of habit. We discuss the special nature of the transition between free exploration of the space of choice and self-trapping. We find in particular that the trapping time distribution is precisely a Zipf law at the transition, and that the self-trapped phase exhibits super-aging behaviour.
