论文标题

通过自适应约束的ILQR进行自动驾驶的安全计划

Safe Planning for Self-Driving Via Adaptive Constrained ILQR

论文作者

Pan, Yanjun, Lin, Qin, Shah, Het, Dolan, John M.

论文摘要

最近,已提出了限制性的迭代线性二次调节器(CILQR),它是ILQR的一种变体,最近提出了自动驾驶汽车的运动计划问题,以处理诸如避免障碍物和参考跟踪之类的约束。但是,先前的工作考虑了确定性轨迹或目标动力学障碍的持续预测。另一个缺点是缺乏通用性 - 它需要针对不同情况进行手动重量调整。在本文中,实现了两个重大改进。首先,提出了两阶段的不确定性意识预测。基于可及性分析的安全保证的短期预测负责处理目标车辆进行的极端操作。长期利用自适应最小成方过滤器的预测保留了计划轨迹的长期最优性,因为仅对长期预测使用可及性过于悲观,并且使计划者过度保存。其次,为了允许在不同方案上进行更广泛的覆盖范围,并避免按照案例调整乏味的参数调整,本文设计了一种基于方案的分析功能,将状态从EGO车辆和目标车辆中作为输入,并以成本函数的重量作为输出。它允许自我车辆在单个计划者下执行多种行为(例如车道保存和超车)。我们在模拟中展示了拟议计划者的安全性,有效性和实时性能。

Constrained Iterative Linear Quadratic Regulator (CILQR), a variant of ILQR, has been recently proposed for motion planning problems of autonomous vehicles to deal with constraints such as obstacle avoidance and reference tracking. However, the previous work considers either deterministic trajectories or persistent prediction for target dynamical obstacles. The other drawback is lack of generality - it requires manual weight tuning for different scenarios. In this paper, two significant improvements are achieved. Firstly, a two-stage uncertainty-aware prediction is proposed. The short-term prediction with safety guarantee based on reachability analysis is responsible for dealing with extreme maneuvers conducted by target vehicles. The long-term prediction leveraging an adaptive least square filter preserves the long-term optimality of the planned trajectory since using reachability only for long-term prediction is too pessimistic and makes the planner over-conservative. Secondly, to allow a wider coverage over different scenarios and to avoid tedious parameter tuning case by case, this paper designs a scenario-based analytical function taking the states from the ego vehicle and the target vehicle as input, and carrying weights of a cost function as output. It allows the ego vehicle to execute multiple behaviors (such as lane-keeping and overtaking) under a single planner. We demonstrate safety, effectiveness, and real-time performance of the proposed planner in simulations.

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