论文标题

关于银河系的气态光环中的冷却流问题

On the Cooling Flow Problem in the Gaseous Halo of the Milky Way

论文作者

Fang, Xiang-Er, Guo, Fulai, Yuan, Ye-Fei

论文摘要

理论和观察性论点表明,有大量的热($ \ sim 10^6 $ k),驻留在银河系光环中的弥漫性气体,而其总质量和空间分布仍不清楚。在这项工作中,我们提出了一个通用模型,用于银河系中的气体密度分布,并通过一系列2D流体动力模拟研究了辐射冷却下的气体演化。我们发现,发达的冷却流量中的质量流入率随气体金属性和光环中的总气体质量而增加。对于固定的晕气体质量,空间气体分布会影响冷却灾难的发作时间,而灾难的开始时间较早开始,当时气体分布更为中心,但不会显着影响最终的质量流入率。银河凸起和盘的重力会影响内部区域的气体特性,但对最终流入率也没有影响。我们通过研究文献中采用的多种密度模型中的冷却流,包括Navarro-Frenk-White(NFW)模型,Cored-NFW模型,Maller&Bullock模型和$β$模型。我们的模拟中的典型质量流入率从$ \ sim 5 m _ {\ odot} $ yr $^{ - 1} $到$ \ sim 60 m _ {\ odot} $ yr $^{ - 1} $,并且比我们的Galaxy中观察到的恒星形成率高得多,这表明了我们的Galaxy和活跃的niuce niuce nucke nucke nucke forne nucke forde nucke forde nuckect niuce nucke forde forde forde forde forde forde forde forde nuckect,银河系(MW)和MW型星系。

Theoretical and observational arguments suggest that there is a large amount of hot ($\sim 10^6$ K), diffuse gas residing in the Milky Way's halo, while its total mass and spatial distribution are still unclear. In this work, we present a general model for the gas density distribution in the Galactic halo, and investigate the gas evolution under radiative cooling with a series of 2D hydrodynamic simulations. We find that the mass inflow rate in the developed cooling flow increases with gas metallicity and the total gas mass in the halo. For a fixed halo gas mass, the spatial gas distribution affects the onset time of the cooling catastrophe, which starts earlier when the gas distribution is more centrally-peaked, but does not substantially affect the final mass inflow rate. The gravity from the Galactic bulge and disk affects gas properties in inner regions, but has little effect on the final inflow rate either. We confirm our results by investigating cooling flows in several density models adopted from the literature, including the Navarro-Frenk-White (NFW) model, the cored-NFW model, the Maller & Bullock model, and the $β$ model. Typical mass inflow rates in our simulations range from $\sim 5 M_{\odot}$ yr$^{-1}$ to $\sim 60 M_{\odot}$ yr$^{-1}$, and are much higher than the observed star formation rate in our Galaxy, suggesting that stellar and active galactic nucleus feedback processes may play important roles in the evolution of the Milky Way (MW) and MW-type galaxies.

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