论文标题

波束形成体系结构的能量和潜伏期,用于MMWave无线网络中的初始访问

Energy and Latency of Beamforming Architectures for Initial Access in mmWave Wireless Networks

论文作者

Barati, C. Nicolas, Dutta, Sourjya, Rangan, Sundeep, Sabharwal, Ashutosh

论文摘要

未来的毫米波(MMWAVE)系统,5G细胞或WiFi,必须依靠高度方向的链接来克服这些频带中的严重途径。建立此类链接需要在角域中共同发现发射器和接收器%,这可能会导致大量潜伏期和高能量消耗。在这项工作中,我们表明,通过使用全数字前端,发现潜伏期和能源消耗都可以大大降低。实际上,我们确定通过减少与模拟和高分辨率数字光束器相比,可以实现较低能源消耗的完全数字前端的分辨率。由于通过模拟前端进行波束形成,一次只能在一个方向上进行采样,因此与数字波束形式相比,移动设备“ ON”更长的时间,该数字波束形式可以从所有方向上从所有方向上获取空间样品。我们表明,根据使用的天线阵列的大小,模拟前端消耗的能量可能是数字前端的四到六倍。但是,我们认识到,从功耗的角度来看,使用完全数字光束的梁发现,即用于数据传输是不可行的。为了解决这个问题,我们建议使用具有低分辨率类似数字转换器(4位)的数字波束形式。分辨率的这种减少使功耗与模拟边界的数据传输相同,同时受益于完全数字波束形成的空间多路复用能力,从而降低了初始发现潜伏期并提高了能源效率。

Future millimeter-wave (mmWave) systems, 5G cellular or WiFi, must rely on highly directional links to overcome severe pathloss in these frequency bands. Establishing such links requires the mutual discovery of the transmitter and the receiver %in the angular domain potentially leading to a large latency and high energy consumption. In this work, we show that both the discovery latency and energy consumption can be significantly reduced by using fully digital front-ends. In fact, we establish that by reducing the resolution of the fully-digital front-ends we can achieve lower energy consumption compared to both analog and high-resolution digital beamformers. Since beamforming through analog front-ends allows sampling in only one direction at a time, the mobile device is ''on'' for a longer time compared to a digital beamformer which can get spatial samples from all directions in one shot. We show that the energy consumed by the analog front-end can be four to six times more than that of the digital front-ends, depending on the size of the employed antenna arrays. We recognize, however, that using fully digital beamforming post beam discovery, i.e., for data transmission, is not viable from a power consumption standpoint. To address this issue, we propose the use of digital beamformers with low-resolution analog to digital converters (4 bits). This reduction in resolution brings the power consumption to the same level as analog beamforming for data transmissions while benefiting from the spatial multiplexing capabilities of fully digital beamforming, thus reducing initial discovery latency and improving energy efficiency.

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